The Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a community-based biomedical ontology in the domain of vaccine and vaccination. VO aims to standardize vaccine types and annotations, integrate various vaccine data, and support computer-assisted reasoning. The VO supports basic vaccine R&D and clinical vaccine usage. VO is being developed as a community-based ontology with support and collaborations from the vaccine and bio-ontology communities.

Prefix

vo

Preferred Prefix

VO

Keywords

biological_process biomedical science clinical studies immunology infection process infectious disease medicine obo ontology pathobiochemistry pathogen preclinical studies small molecule vaccination vaccine

Version

2025-12-03

License

CC-BY-4.0

Links

Homepage Repository OWL

Publications

2021 Ontology-based Precision Vaccinology for Deep Mechanism Understanding and Precision Vaccine Development

2013 Network-based analysis of vaccine-related associations reveals consistent knowledge with the vaccine ontology

2012 Ontology representation and analysis of vaccine formulation and administration and their effects on vaccine immune responses

2010 VO: Vaccine Ontology

2011 Mining of vaccine-associated IFN-γ gene interaction networks using the Vaccine Ontology

2010 Bioinformatics analysis of Brucella vaccines and vaccine targets using VIOLIN

Pattern for Local Unique Identifiers

Local identifiers in Vaccine Ontology should match this regular expression:
^\d{7}$

Example Local Unique Identifier

0000093   Resolve

Pattern for CURIES

Compact URIs (CURIEs) constructed from Vaccine Ontology should match this regular expression:
^VO:\d{7}$

Example CURIE

VO:0000093

Pattern for RDF URIs

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/VO_$1

Example RDF URI

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/VO_0000093

Contact

Yongqunh He   0000-0001-9189-9661   yongqunh

A summary of the relations in the Semantic Farm schema can be found here.

Appears In (1) (bioregistry.schema:0000018 )

SCDO

In Collection

ASKEM Epidemiology Prefixes

The metaregistry provides mappings between the Semantic Farm and other registries. There are 10 mappings to external registries for this resource with 4 unique external prefixes.

A provider turns a local unique identifiers from a resource into a URI. Many providers are also resolvable as URLs (i.e., they can be used in a web browser).

The local unique identifier 0000093 is used to demonstrate the providers available for Vaccine Ontology. Some providers may use a different example, which is displayed in the table below. A guide for curating additional providers can be found here.

Additional providers curated in the Semantic Farm are listed here. These are typically inherited from Identifiers.org or Prefix Commons, and need extra curation.